1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol: a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose ~
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2023-11-27
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Diabetes — the third most prevalent epidemic after cardiovascular disease and cancer
It is estimated that by 2025, there will be 300 million people with diabetes, more than 90% of whom have type 2 diabetes, and about 70% of type 2 diabetes patients will die from cardiovascular complications, becoming a global public health problem that seriously threatens human health.




Table 1 Overview of previous national diabetes epidemiological surveys in China

1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol: a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose ~

a) IFG: Impaired fasting blood glucose, 2hPG: 2h postprandial plasma glucose; *: Prediabetes, including IFG alone, 1GT alone, or both (FGGT), **: Prediabetes, including FPG 100~125 mg/dL, 2hPG 140~199 mg/dL or HbA1c 5.7%-6.4%; -: No data



1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol: a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose ~

Diabetes
early prevention，






early diagnosis，
early treatment










'UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKpDs)':

The research report stated that plasma glucose is extremely closely related to microvascular complications, and is also related to macrovascular and neuropathy, but the correlation to microvascular disease is greater.



' Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) Report ':
A 1993 study conducted in the United States and Canada pointed out that strict plasma glucose control can reduce the chance of complications, among which fundus diseases can be reduced by 50% and kidney diseases can be reduced by 39%, neurological lesions can be reduced by 60%, and vascular lesions can be reduced by 41%. As plasma glucose drops, the incidence of diabetes is reduced, and the incidence of cardiovascular diseases is also reduced accordingly.



Commonly used diabetes control monitoring indicators


Monitoring indicators

Monitoring time

Indicator specificity
Fasting plasma glucose
(FPG)
Instantaneous plasma glucose changes
FPG is the plasma glucose value before meals and is an important indicator for the diagnosis of diabetes.
2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2hPG)
Instantaneous plasma glucose changes
2hBG is the plasma glucose value after a meal and is an important indicator for the diagnosis of diabetes.
Fructosamine (FA)
1-3 weeks
For diabetic patients with acute metabolic disorders, such as diabetic ketoacidosis, non-ketotic hyperosmolar state, and intensive treatment of diabetes combined with gestational insulin.
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
2-3 months
HbA1c is related to the life span of red blood cells and average plasma glucose levels. It is an ideal indicator for evaluating long-term plasma glucose control in patients with diabetes and is not affected by daily plasma glucose fluctuations.
1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol
(1,5-AG)
3-7 days
In the early stages of diabetes, serum 1,5-AG levels have declined with statistical significance, which is of great value in the early diagnosis of diabetes. Its detection sensitivity and specificity are high, and it is not affected by eating (before meals, after meals) and interference from factors such as gender, age, and drugs.

1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol

a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose changes

1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol (1,5-AG), also known as 1,5-anhydro-D-glucoside, is a six-carbon monosaccharide with a pyran ring structure, and is the reduced form of glucopyranose lacking a hydroxyl group at the C -1 position. Because it is a polyol with the 1-position carbon of the glucose ring structure deoxygenated, it is also called 1-Deoxyglucose (1-DG). Its content is second only to glucose among polyol sugars. 1, 5-AG is another new diabetes monitoring indicator after plasma glucose, urine sugar, fructosamine, and glycated hemoglobin. Serum 1, 5-AG changes sharply and specifically in diabetic patients. Some developed countries abroad have listed this item as a routine examination item for diabetes, and it is widely used as a new plasma glucose control indicator in Japan.

1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol: a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose ~

                                Glucose




1, 5-AG Advantages Interpretation


01
1,5-AG is a leading indicator that can capture changes in plasma glucose within a short period of time，and this indicator remains stable within one month. Combined measurement with fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin is more meaningful for the early diagnosis of diabetes.

02
1,5-AG detection has high specificity and sensitivity, which reflects the changes in hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes within the range of FPG<7.8 and HbAlc <9.0%. It has a significant negative correlation with FPG, 2hPG, FA, HbAlc, etc. If the normal low value of 1,5-AG is 14 mg/ml, so the specificity of a decrease in its level indicating abnormal increase in plasma glucose is as high as 93.1%, and the sensitivity is as high as 84.2%.

03
Premixed human insulin analogues compared with ordinary premixed human insulin preparations, under the same HbA1c control level, 2hPG is closer to normal and 1,5 - AG levels increase more significantly

04
FPG and 2hPG reflect the instantaneous plasma glucose at a specific time point, which has a large degree of variability and is difficult to reflect the overall plasma glucose control level of diabetic patients. 1,5-AG does not have such problems.

05
Since FA and HbA1C are affected by the fluctuations of diabetes plasma glucose itself, only average plasma glucose monitoring will lose a lot of information about possible hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Moreover, the non-enzymatic glycation reaction is slow, FA and HA1c cannot reflect short-term plasma glucose changes, and are not suitable for timely adjustment of diabetes treatment. 1,5-AG reflects the plasma glucose level in recent days to 1 week, making up for the shortcomings of other diabetes monitoring indicators. It can accurately monitor small changes in plasma glucose without delay. For patients who need to strictly control plasma glucose, 1,5-AG is more suitable.

06

After intensive insulin treatment, plasma glucose dropped, while 1,5-AG levels rose rapidly, and the rate of change was more sensitive than monitoring indicators such as FA and HbA1c.


Conclusion:



Serum 1,5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol (1,5-AG) is very sensitive to plasma glucose fluctuations and can reflect plasma glucose levels in recent days to one week. As a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose changes, it has the ability to quickly reflect changes in hyperglycemia, and has the ability to reflect the average level of plasma glucose, which can make up for the shortcomings of currently commonly used plasma glucose monitoring indicators that are insensitive to high plasma glucose fluctuations，and reflect plasma glucose conditions more specifically. 


Diagreat—1, 5-AG

The reagents are original research and the results are accurate

As the world's leading in vitro diagnostic upstream platform company, Diagreat Biotech has been deeply involved in the core biological raw materials of reagents for more than ten years and is a professional provider of special proteins and small molecule raw materials. Relying on the technical advantages and experience accumulated in independent innovation and research for many years, the 1, 5-AG project that has been focused on research and development is different from the conventional development methods on the market. Through continuous innovation and iteration, it has improved from raw material activity, stability, sensitivity and its clinical relevance and other comprehensive performance are comparable to imported brands, ensuring the accuracy and stability of results, and providing strong support for blood glucose diagnosis with higher cost performance, superior quality, and faster supply.

Ordering information

1,5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol Determination Kit
Sensitive indicators for diagnosis, screening and treatment effect evaluation of diabetes


1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol: a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose ~



Ordering information

Inspection item

Methodology

Sample type

Validity period

Storage conditions

Packaging specifications

1,5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol Determination Kit

Toranose oxidase method

Serum, urine

12 months

2℃~8℃

Reagent 1: 15mL; Reagent 2: 5mL

Reagent 1: 30mL: Reagent 2: 10mL

Reagent 1: 60mL; Reagent 2: 20mL

Reagent 1: 60mL*2: Reagent 2: 20mL*2

Reagent 1:60mL*3: Reagent 2: 20mL*3




1, 5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol: a pioneer in capturing plasma glucose ~

 
References

[1] Chen Jiajian. 1,5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol: a new glucose metabolism indicator [J]. Internal Medicine, 2006(2):3.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7768.2006.02.038.

[2] Diabetes Branch of the Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in China (2017 Edition) [J]. Chinese Journal of Practical Internal Medicine, 2018, 38(4):53.DOI:CNKI:SUN: SYNK.0.2018-04-009.

[3] 1Buse JB, Freeman JL, Edelman SV, et al. Serum 1, 5-an-hydroglucitol (Glyco Mark): a short-term glycemic marker[J] ·Diabetes Technol Ther, 2003, 5(3).355.

[4] Bai， Luo Yunli, Cheng Dalin. Application progress of diabetes laboratory testing indicators [J]. Chongqing Medicine, 2002, 31(8):747.

[5] Dworacka M, Winiarska H, Szymanska M, et al. 1, 5-anhy'dro-D-glucitol: a novel marker of glucose ex cursions J]. IntJ Clin Pract Suppl, 2002, (129): 40.

[6] Yamamouchi T. Serum 1,5-Anhdro-D-Glucitol (1, 5-AG): new clinical marker for glycemic control [M]. In: Baba S, et al(eds). Diabetes. Tokyo: Elsevier Science B. V. Press, 1995.1009.



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